[Machine Translation] Nationalism unites strangers with a strong sense of brotherhood. While it is a fundamental principle of the modern world, it has caused numerous conflicts and clashes in various regions. How was this contradictory mentality born? While it is argued that it was created artificially, it is also perceived as something natural, rooted in tradition and history. This book organizes the many debates that have been waged over nationalism and approaches the full picture of its entanglement with ideology, political movements, and culture. Is nationalism doomed to fade away, or will it continue to exert a powerful influence? This is the best introduction to the subject by a major scholar who has led the research for many years, along with Gellner, Anderson, Hobsbawm, and others. This is the first translation in Japan.